Plaster Model

Model Train Layouts - Choosing a Theme For Your Model Railroad

In the model train hobby, a lot of what you'll do will flow from the theme that you've chosen for your model railroad. From scenery to rolling stock, from track to power supplies, everything will depend on your theme.

When it comes right down to it, theme is all about what you want to do.

Choosing a theme is all about:

•     an era
•     a setting
•     an operating style

Model Train Eras:

There are three main eras for model trains: steam, modern, and transition.

1. The Steam Era covers everything from the Wild West (1870s) up to World War II (1940s), but for most people the steam era pretty much covers the 1930s to 1940s. The visual appeal and nostalgic elements of intricate models of steam engines pulling a train of rail cars are tough to beat.

2. The Modern Era generally means today's trains, although it could conceivably cover anything from the 1960s to today. The modern era can cover everything from ultramodern diesels pulling intermodal trains to commuter trains and everything in between, but for most people a modern era train layout will show locomotives, rolling stock, buildings, and scenery that you would expect to see on the rails today.

3. The Transition Era is that period between the 1940s and 1950s when both steam and diesel locomotives travelled the rails as steam was being phased out and diesel was being phased in. The transition era is best for modelers who want to run both steam and diesel engines on the same tracks true to prototype--in short, modelers who want the best of both worlds.

While you're considering your choice of era, you may want to factor in the availability of material for the different eras at the hobby and online retailers. There tends to be much more modern-day rolling stock and model kits available to the consumer than steam-era, and often at much lower prices as well. Even train sets, which can be a great source of lower-cost locomotives and rolling stock are usually modern-era. Even the second-hand market, such as eBay and flea markets, tends to have a lot more modern-era items available.

You will also want to consider how much of a model-railroad purist you want to be. Although many model railroaders start out being happy to mix elements of many different eras, such as blending steam-era locomotives with the diesels of today, many people in the hobby tend to become more purist as they grow in skills and enthusiasm. Call it "prototype fever"--modelers who catch it end up becoming more and more interested in modeling a particular era to the exclusion of others. They find that their 1930s-era logging railroad just doesn't look right with a 21st-century diesel locomotive running on its tracks. So, if you end up with a layout that isn't set in the era that you want, then you'll have to pull out and replace the items that don't fit, which will cost you both time and money.

Model Train Setting:

After you've chosen an era, you can start looking at the setting for your layout. With the Steam era, you can choose from a wide range of setting including, for example, the Rockies with lots of mountains and trees. Or you could choose the Prairies with lots of wide-open spaces broken up only by tiny farm towns. Or, there's the Midwest with its bigger cities and heavy industry. Or you can choose the Coast with small fishing towns and big ports. The settings are pretty limitless--and universal. Although the regions I've listed are more suited to North American railroads, the same types of regions exist pretty much anywhere in the world that rails have been laid.

Now, while you may want to try something pretty unique for a layout, keep cost and availability in mind. Narrow gauge layouts, for example, while stunning to look at and operate, demand a lot of time, effort, and money to set up. More mainstream settings are cheaper and easier to model for beginners. When you're starting out and learning the hobby, avoid spending too much money if you don't have to.

Operating Style:

The most important factor in choosing your layout theme is your operating style.

By operating style, I mean the aspects of the hobby that you really enjoy the most. If you really enjoy scenery construction, then your model railroad should give you lots of opportunities to show off your scenery. On the other hand, if you really enjoy coupling together trains and switching, then you should really look at a yard module, with lots of track, rolling stock, and switches. And if you enjoy operating your model railroad the same way that a real railroad would operate, and playing with items like schedules and "fast clocks," then you should look at putting in lots of model industries, sidings, and destinations for your trains.

Now, I have talked about cost in choosing an era and a setting for your layout, but I'm going to suggest that you give cost less priority when it comes to operating style. Your operating style is the reason why you're in the hobby. Plaster's cheaper than track, but scenery heavy modeling may not have the same appeal to someone who is really interested in setting up and operating a railroad yard. And if you're not going to enjoy a particular operating style--then why do it?

Hobbies are supposed to be fun. Yes, watch your budget when you're starting out but at the same time make sure that the reason that you got into model trains in the first place is also your guide for choosing the theme of your model train layout.

Now, once you've considered the era, setting, and operating style you want, you have pretty much narrowed down the theme and you can move on to more detailed planning. Keep working on your theme and refining it until you have a good vision of what you want your model railroad to be.

About the Author

RJ Andron has been involved in the model train hobby for over thirty years. Follow his creation of a model train layout online at Beginner Model Trains.

5 Cool and Unique Science Projects You Can Work On

Unique science project ideas you can experiment on include: making your own fossil; how fogs form; gravity and the plant growth; processed food and the amount of gas; and level of pollution by day.

It’s science fair time again in Middle School. You don’t want to show the same project as you did last year like the very common mechanical volcano or the solar system models. This year, plan on something new and fascinating, check on the following ideas.

Make your own fossil

Demonstrate how fossils form. You can make use of cardboard, plaster of paris, leaver, water, and petroleum jelly. This method is to demonstrate how fossils form in mud. Mix the water and plaster of paris, spread the mixture on a cardboard. Cover the leaf with petroleum jelly and place it on the plaster. Allow it to dry then remove the leaf when the plaster dries, you now have a model for a fossil.

Describe how fog forms

Explain the 2 kinds of fogs, the advection and radiation. Advection fog forms from warm moist air blown inward. The radiation fog is the warm, moist air that forms too close to the ground. Create your own fog using two bottles with narrow necks. Fill 1 bottle with hot water and the other one with cold water then place an after several minutes place an ice cube on the mouth of each bottles. See what happens after.

Gravity and growth of plants

This experiment tackles on how plants know which direction grow. For the experimentation, observe the position of the stems and leaves of a house plant over a period of a week while laying it on it’s side and leaning on a book. Plants contain a chemical called auxin causing it to elongate. Gravity pulls it downward, the cells elongate where there is auxin accumulated, therefore causes the stem to grow upward.

Processed food and the amount of gas

The purpose is to determine whether processed food tend to produce more gas. Obtain small pieces of different kinds of processed food and place each in a test tube. A a small amount of distilled white vinegar in each tube then shake for 30 seconds. Fit a balloon on the opening of the test tube. Leave it for eight hours then measure the width of the balloons after.

Level of pollution by day

This project aims to answer if there is a relationship of the time of day or week and the amount of air pollution. Use different microscope slides and coat it with petroleum jelly. Select different places where you can place your slides and label it. Expose all slides at the same time frame daily. Collect the slides after then view it under the microscope. Observe which slides accumulate most particles.

Be creative and enthusiastic in your approach. With the right science project and confidence, that science fair ribbon would be yours.

If you are still looking for unique science fair projects, get some more ideas at Super Science Fair Project.

disposing of plaster and cement in london?

I have made a mould of a model from fine plaster and cast it in ciment fondu. i did not put any thing down the drains and am now left with a bag full of dry waste. does any one know the best way of disposing of both of these in south west london area, as i cant just chuck it in with my other rubbish. anyone know any waste disposal sites i can take it to????

extra note: i don't have a car so preferably somewhere easy to reach on foot or public transport.

thanks in advance

Look up your local borough website. They will give the address of a waste disposal site.

Iowa Senate election could alter party control (desmoinesregister)

Never mind the presidential candidates: The epicenter of Iowa politics for the
next five days is here, a suburb of Cedar Rapids where the results of a
special race for an open Iowa Senate seat could alter party control of the
chamber.

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Laying Plaster Cloth & Newspaper on a Model Railroad - Part 1 - Santiam Cascade Railroad